India’s space programme has built a reputation for precision, efficiency, and steady progress over the decades. From launching satellites for other countries to expanding its own navigation and communication systems, the country has become a major player in global space activity. Yet, space missions do not always end cleanly. Some leave behind remnants that continue to orbit Earth long after their purpose is fulfilled. As reported by PIB, a recent statement in Parliament has drawn attention to this issue, India currently has 129 trackable pieces of space debris in orbit. The number may seem modest compared to global figures, but it still highlights a growing concern about sustainability in space operations.
ISRO reveals 129 junk objects orbiting in space
The 129 objects currently tracked are not uniform in nature. A total of 49 of these are non-operational satellites. These satellites once served important roles but are now inactive and continue to orbit Earth either in low Earth orbit or in geostationary orbit. The remaining objects consist of rocket bodies and debris fragments left behind after launches.Some of this debris comes from launch vehicles such as PSLV, GSLV, and LVM3. Additionally, there are 33 fragments linked to the PSLV-C3 mission, which reportedly broke apart in orbit, creating multiple smaller pieces.
Why space debris is a serious concern
Space debris refers to any human-made object in orbit that no longer serves a useful function.This includes inactive satellites, discarded rocket stages, and even very small fragments such as paint particles. Despite their size, these objects pose a serious threat because of the speed at which they travel. NASA experts say orbital objects can move at speeds of around 10 kilometres per second.At such high velocities, even a small fragment can damage or destroy an operational satellite. A single collision can also generate thousands of new debris pieces, which increases the overall risk in orbit.
What Indian Space Research Organisation is doing to reduce debris
India has taken steps to address the issue of space debris through policy and technology.According to PIB reports, in 2024, ISRO introduced the Debris Free Space Mission (DFSM). The goal of this initiative is to ensure that Indian space missions do not create additional debris by the year 2030.To achieve this, satellites are now being designed with the capability to safely deorbit at the end of their operational life. This often involves carrying extra fuel so that they can re-enter the Earth’s atmosphere and burn up safely instead of remaining in orbit.
How India is tracking and trying to clean up space debris
Preventing future debris is only one part of the challenge. Existing debris also needs to be monitored and, where possible, removed.India has made progress in this area as well. The SpaDeX mission in 2025 demonstrated autonomous docking and undocking technology in space. This capability is important for future missions that may involve capturing and removing inactive satellites or debris.In addition, Project Netra plays a key role in tracking space objects. It functions as a space situational awareness system that monitors debris and provides alerts to avoid potential collisions with active satellites.
